Once you move beyond single trades to managing a portfolio of 3–10 positions simultaneously, risk management becomes more complex. Individual trade risk (1% per trade) is necessary but not sufficient — you must also manage the risk of your entire portfolio at once, particularly the risk that several positions move against you at the same time.
The Correlation Problem
If you hold 10 positions all risking 1% each, you expect maximum loss of 10%. But if those 10 positions are all in the same sector or move together, a single event can hit all 10 simultaneously — giving you a 10% loss in one day.
| Correlation Scenario | Individual Risk | Actual Portfolio Risk |
|---|---|---|
| 10 uncorrelated trades (different sectors) | 1% each | ~2–3% (losses offset each other) |
| 10 correlated trades (same sector) | 1% each | ~8–10% (all move together) |
| 5 NIFTY ETF + 5 NIFTY stocks (high correlation) | 1% each | ~7–9% in a NIFTY crash |
Sector Concentration Limits
No single sector: more than 30% of total portfolio
No single stock: more than 10% of total portfolio
Maximum F&O exposure: 40% of capital in derivatives at any time
Maximum positions open simultaneously: 5–8 for most retail traders
If NIFTY Bank stocks already at 30% → Do not add another banking trade even if the signal is perfect
Maximum Open Risk
Open risk is the sum of all current stop-loss distances across all open positions — what you would lose if every open trade hit its stop simultaneously.
Hedging with India VIX
When India VIX rises sharply (above 18–20), portfolio risk increases significantly because all stocks tend to fall together. Hedging strategies:
- Reduce position sizes by 30–50% when VIX spikes above 20
- Buy NIFTY Put options as a portfolio hedge during high VIX periods
- Increase cash allocation — cash is a position too
- Avoid adding new positions when VIX is rising sharply
The Cash is a Position Rule
Professional traders view holding cash as an active position — not as doing nothing. Cash protects you during high-volatility periods and gives you the ability to enter at better prices when opportunities arise.
Normal market (VIX 12–16): 30–40% cash minimum
Uncertain market (VIX 16–20): 50–60% cash
High-risk market (VIX 20+): 70–80% cash
After 10% drawdown from peak: 80%+ cash, review strategy
Correlation Between NSE Instruments
| Holding Combination | Correlation | Portfolio Risk |
|---|---|---|
| NIFTY long + BANK NIFTY long | Very high | Effectively 1 position, double risk |
| NIFTY IT stocks + NIFTY long | High | IT stocks amplify NIFTY moves |
| NIFTY long + Gold long | Low | Good diversification — gold hedges equity risk |
| Large-cap + Small-cap | Moderate | Decent but both fall in a crash |
| Long equity + Short F&O | Negative | Genuine hedge — reduces total portfolio risk |